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ABOUT NATURAL GAS

ABOUT NATURAL GAS

How natural gas is delivered to the consumer

Ukraine's gas transport system is one of the largest in the world and is second only to its size in Europe.

Ukrtransgas gas transit system:

  • 22 main gas pipelines (Soyuz, Progress, Urengoy-Pomari-Uzhgorod, etc.) with a total length of 37.6 thousand km;
  • 72 compressor stations (122 compressor shops) with a total capacity of 5405 MW .;
  • 13 underground gas storage facilities consisting of four complexes: West-Ukrainian (Precarpathian), Kiev, Donetsk and South-Ukrainian;
  • The total length of gas pipelines in Ukraine is 283,200 km

The capacity of the GTS: at the border of Russia and Ukraine - 288 billion m; On the border of Ukraine and Poland, Romania, Byelorussia and Moldova - 178.5 billion m., Including with the countries of the European Union - 142.5 billion m.

Transmission-reception of natural gas at the inlet and outlet of the gas transportation system of Ukraine is carried out at the border transmission and receiving points of gas - gas metering stations (GVS) and gas metering points (PVVG).

History

1924 is officially considered the date of the founding of the gas industry of Ukraine, then the first gas pipeline from the city of Dashava to the city of Stryi, Lviv region was laid.

In 1948 the gas pipeline "Dashawa-Kyiv" was built, which became the beginning of the gas transportation system of Ukraine.

In 1951, Dashawa-Kyiv, a powerful already at that time, a gas pipeline in Europe with a throughput of about 2 billion m. Per year, was extended to Moscow (Dashava - Moscow).

Ukraine's gas transit system was the largest in its growth and development in the 60-70 years and became a transit country of huge volumes of gas. In 1967 a "Dolyna-Uzhhorod-Western border" (gas brochure "Brotherhood") main gas pipeline was commissioned, with which the supply of Ukrainian and Russian gas to the countries of Europe began.

In 70-80 years, transcontinental gas pipelines "Soyuz", Urengoy-Uzhhorod, "Progress" and others are being built.

In 1970, the total length of the gas pipelines was 11.5 thousand kilometers., In 1980 - 18 thousand km, and in 1990 - already almost 30 thousand km.

Today, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine undertakes to guarantee the independence of Ukrtransgaz and ensure that it receives revenue from the transfer of gas through high pressure gas pipelines and from its storage.

The government is committed to opening the Ukrainian GTS for access by third parties wishing to pump gas through high-pressure gas pipelines and to "give third parties access to underground gas storage facilities under transparent, commercial conditions."

Tariffs for gas pumping and storage should be established using an open methodology, be economically sound and "non-discriminatory".

Quality of natural gas

The natural gas supplied to the gas transmission system must meet the following requirements:
Indicator Norm
Methane content (C1), mol. % minimum 90
Ethan content (C2), mol. % maximum 7
Propane content (C3), mol. % maximum 3
Butane content (C4), mol. % maximum 2
The content of pentane and other heavier hydrocarbons (C5 +), mol. % maximum 1
Nitrogen content (N2), mol. % maximum 5
Carbon content (CO2), m³. % maximum 2
Oxygen content (O2), mol. % maximum 0,02
High heat of combustion (25 ° C / 20 ° C) Minimum 36,20 MJ / m3 (10,06 kWh / m3)
Maximum 38,30 MJ / m3 (10,64 kWh / m3)
High heat of combustion (25 ° C / 0 ° C) Minimum 38.85 MJ / m3 (10.80 kWh / m3)
Maximum 41.10 MJ / m3 (11.42 kWh / m3)
Lower heat of combustion (25 ° C / 20 ° C) Minimum 32.66 MJ / m3 (09.07 kW • h / m 3)
Maximum 34.54 MJ / m3 (09.59 kWh / m3)
The temperature of the dew point for hydrocarbons at a gas temperature not Not exceeding 0 ° C
The content of mechanical impurities: missing
The content of hydrogen sulfide, g / m3 maximum 0,006
The content of mercaptan sulfur, g / m3 maximum 0,02

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE STATE REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY AND COMMERCIAL SERVICES RESOLUTION No. 2493 (30.09.2015)

How is natural gas distributed

Ukraine's gas transportation system (GTS) ensures the transit of natural gas through the territory of our country and its distribution within the state. GTS - a clear system of qualitative and quantitative measurement of gas, maintenance of modes of its transportation and optimization of consumption.

Transmission-reception of natural gas at the inlet and outlet of the gas transportation system of Ukraine is carried out at the border transmission and receiving points of gas - gas metering stations (GVS) and gas metering points (PVVG).

Natural gas is transported through main gas pipelines (MG), the distance from the field to the consumer can reach up to hundreds of thousands of kilometers. To increase the pressure and maintain it in a certain range throughout the length of the gas pipeline set compressor stations (CS), placed at an interval of 70-150 km.

Underground gas storage facilities - operational reserve of natural gas. PSGs guarantee the supply of the required amount of gas to the consumer due to the possible uneven consumption of gas, which, for example, increases in the winter.

To supply the necessary volumes of gas to enterprises on gas pipelines gas distribution stations (GDS), intended for reduction (reduction of pressure), purification, odorisation (adding smell of gas) and measurement of volumes of natural gas transmitted to the consumer are established.

Norms of consumption of natural gas

NORMS of consumption of natural gas by the population in the absence of gas meters
Type of natural gas consumption Unit Consumption rate
Gas cooker in the presence of centralized hot water supply Per 1 inhabitant, cubic m 4,4
Gas cooker in the absence of centralized hot water supply Per 1 inhabitant, cubic m 7,1
Gas stove and water heater Per 1 inhabitant, cubic m 14

Note.
In the absence of centralized hot water supply, the norm of consumption of natural gas for a gas stove is set to 7.1 cubic meters. Meter per person per month. The term of the absence of hot water supply (more than 6 hours a day in the case of round-the-clock water supply or more than 30 per cent of the total time of water delivery on a daily basis), which does not include a break in its delivery at night (from 24 to 6 hours), is fixed in a bilateral act , Which is signed by the district heating company and the gas distribution system operator, and is the basis for transferring the payment for hot water supply and gas to the population. During this period, the population does not pay for the use of centralized hot water supply. The operator of the gas distribution system after the end of the half year sends the subscriber's account for the consumed gas in the absence of centralized hot water supply.

Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On approval of norms of consumption of natural gas by the population in the absence of gas meters" dated March 23, 2016, No. 203

What to know about the gas dryer

According to technical characteristics and price of gas meters are divided into household, utility and industrial. According to the principle of operation: turbine, rotary, membrane and vortex.

If we are talking about the domestic sector, then membrane counters, which are characterized by ease of use, economic efficiency and high accuracy of calculations, are most commonly used here.

Only the counter entered in the State Register of Measuring Instruments will be considered legal. It can be purchased either in a trading network or directly in the gas industry.

Take a lot of attention to the size of the counter at the design stage. Compatible consumption data available in the gas appliances room will give a figure that will determine the type of meter necessary to set. The installation of the meter should be carried out by licensed specialists.

The frequency of checking gas meters is every five years. Dismantling, installation and repair of damaged meters (broken seals, broken glass, openings and cracks in the building, etc.) are spent at the expense of the organization that distributes natural gas in the respective territory (provided that there is no fault of the consumer). The sign of the checked counters is the presence of corresponding seals with a reflection on them.

Advantages of natural gas

Natural gas is one of the most effective sources of energy and has many advantages over other types of fuel.

Natural gas is the most environmentally friendly kind of energy fuel.

The content of the main harmful impurities in the smoke.
Harmful impurities Fly ash SО2 NОx
Coal Birch bore 6.66 0.48 0.41
Kuznetsk SS 20.0 0.85 1.22
Donetsk is exhausted 24.2 5.40 0.70
Ekibastuz 63.9 2.24 0.79
підмосковське буре 50.5 11.2 0.58
естонські сланці 81.5 3.51 0.65
Fuel oil (3% sulfur) 0.10 3.98 0.80
Gas - - 0.70

Natural gas is also an economic advantage: lower cost and higher productivity at extraction, compared to other types of fuel; The expediency of transporting at considerable distances due to the high heat of combustion; Does not require additional processing due to the inherent combustion completeness.